Format and domain readiness remove impossible inputs
The first pass normalizes the address, checks its structure, and resolves the receiving domain. Broken syntax and domains without a usable mail route are stopped before an SMTP conversation because the address cannot work in its current form.
These checks are fast and deterministic, but deliberately narrow. The Email Validator exposes this syntax-and-MX layer by itself. The Email Checker continues because a well-formed address on a mail-enabled domain may still point to no mailbox at all.